STUK published a research report on nuclear safety cooperation that began when Soviet Union collapsed and ended in Russian war of aggression.

For three decades, Finland carried out exceptional and impactful work to improve nuclear safety across its eastern border. Researcher Petri Paju’s report “Nuclear sector cooperation based on trust: the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland and efforts to improve nuclear safety in the former Soviet Union in 1990–2022” is based on interviews with experts from the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) and Finnish power companies and with others that participated in the cooperation with Russia. It tells the story of carrying internationally significant responsibility, technical competence and cooperation. The goal was a safer future for the entire Northern Europe. 

In the last few years of the Soviet era, the nuclear power plants in the country were also in poor condition. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in spring 1986 was in fresh memory. Finland became particularly concerned about the safety of the nuclear power plants closest to us, Leningrad and Kola. On this basis, Finland launched cooperation with Russian authorities and nuclear power plant employees funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, among other measures. This cooperation meant not only an exchange of information but also material assistance to improve the safety of nuclear power plants.

Petri Paju’s report describes how cooperation between Finland and Russia was successful after Finns understood the Russian operating culture. They began obtaining information on the condition of the plants and were able to improve matters when they adopted a conversational approach rather than dictating how everything should be. According to the report, experts from other countries who also offered assistance to Russia did not always share the same cultural understanding.

The research report also describes how the openness expressed by the Russian party in the early years declined over the years and how the influence of Moscow’s central government gradually shut the doors of nuclear power plants and the mouths of Russian partners in the 2000s. The cooperation had been based on personal relationships and frequent visits. These visits stopped during the COVID-19 pandemic. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 caused Finland to discontinue this cooperation altogether.